The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout win.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.